Fundamentals of Computer Architecture

Computers do not react to anything except for being either on or off - everything else is programmed by a human.
   0 - OFF
   1 - ON
(states => binary)
0 bit
1 bit

EVERY SYMBOL on your keyboard is called a character - including the space bar, A-Z, a-z, 0-9, special symbols (!@#$%, etc.)

8 bits = 1 byte (ex. 01010010 = A)
   Every character on the keyboard is represented by a byte.

The operating system does resource management - already stored in machine - helps computer wake up, shut down, connect to printers, keyboard, mouse, etc.

When a person types out any character on the keyboard, electrical pulses are either sent in or NOT sent in based on the combination of bits used for the character.

A compiler takes in the high level language from the user (ex. java program), checks it for any errors, displays them to the user to correct them, and then converts the ENTIRE program into object code/binary code/machine code once everything is corrected.

A interpreter is a program that takes in the high level language and coverts it instantly LINE BY LINE into machine language. It shows errors in the input as soon as it is typed.

Source Code --> Compiler/Interpreter --> Object Code 1010011...

(Object Code: Binary Code/Lang, Machine Code/Lang executable)

High Level Lang: Java, C++, Python, etc.

Application Software & System Software

application software: software that applies only to that application (ex. banking system, hospital management system, etc.)

system software: (ex. operating system, compiler, drivers, etc.) designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs

Operating System:

booting: system checks whether everything is working